Hip anatomy

The hip joint is a vital ball-and-socket joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. Its structure allows for a wide range of motion, making it essential for activities like walking, running, and sitting.

  • Femur: The upper part of the thigh bone, featuring:
    • Femoral Head: The rounded top that fits into the hip socket.
    • Femoral Neck: The narrow section just below the head.
  • Pelvis: Made up of three fused bones:
    • Ilium: The broad, upper part of the pelvis.
    • Ischium: The lower part, which includes the ischial tuberosity (the “sit bone”).
    • Pubis: The front portion, forming the pubic symphysis with the opposite side.
  • Acetabulum: The cup-shaped socket in the pelvis where the femoral head fits.

Functions of hip joint

  • Support: The hip bones support the weight of the upper body when sitting and standing.
  • Movement: Provide attachment points for muscles involved in hip and thigh movement.
  • Protection: Protects the pelvic organs, including the bladder, reproductive organs, and lower intestines.

What is hip replacement surgery?

Hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial joint, known as a prosthesis. This surgery is commonly performed to relieve pain and improve function in individuals with severe hip arthritis or other hip joint disorders.

Indications for Hip Replacement

Hip replacement is typically recommended for patients experiencing: Severe pain that interferes with daily activities and quality of life, Limited mobility and difficulty walking or bending and Ineffective relief from conservative treatments (like medications, physical therapy, or injections).

Component of hip replacement

  1. Femoral Component:
    • Stem: A metal rod inserted into the femur for stability.
    • Femoral Head: A metal or ceramic ball that fits into the acetabulum, allowing smooth movement.
  2. Acetabular Component:
    • Acetabular Cup: A cup-shaped component that replaces the natural hip socket, made of metal or polyethylene.
    • Liner: Sometimes included, made of polyethylene or ceramic to reduce friction.

Types of Materials

  • Metal: Used for the femoral head and stem for strength.
  • Polyethylene: Used for the acetabular liner for low friction.
  • Ceramic: Used in some designs for durability.

Cemented vs. Cementless

  • Cemented: Components are fixed with bone cement, ideal for older patients.
  • cementless: Porous surfaces allow bone to grow into the implant, often used for younger patients.

What to be aware of after the procedures?

Recovery

  • Hospital Stay: Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days post-surgery.
  • Rehabilitation: Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to regain strength and mobility.
  • Home Care: Many patients can return home with assistance and continue their rehabilitation.

Regardless of the approach, recovery and rehabilitation protocols are generally similar, focusing on restoring strength, flexibility, and function while minimizing complications.